Example is train on a straight
railroad. Piston in a cylinder. Climbing up the rope.
2-d vectors and projectiles:
Example is cannonball, or any other
ball flying through the air. Every motion on a flat surface.
Centripetal motion:
The Moon and the Earth, satellites
Torque:
Wrench, screwdriver, gears, bicycle
chain and sprocket, all kinds of rotating levers.
Sound and light:
There's so many examples that it's
hard to pick one :)
Moving membrane of a loudspeaker
can be example of sound-generating device, and mirrors and lenses are related
to light phenomena.
And where would hitting a golf ball
be in physics?
It depends. It can be in kinematics
or in dynamics (which are both parts of mechanics). If only motion of a golf
ball is discussed, with terms like velocity, acceleration, displacement etc. then
it's in kinematics. Kinematics doesn't deal with mass, force and impulse. If
mass, force, and impulse are also mentioned, than its dynamics.
For cool experiment, go check: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3oItpVa9fs
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